Ontario has a cultural history that begins approximately 11,000 years ago and continues to the present.
The archaeological sites that are the physical remains of this lengthy settlement history represent a
fragile and non-renewable cultural legacy. These sites are distributed in a variety of settings across
the landscape, being locations or places that are associated with past human activities, endeavours, or
events. These sites may occur on or below the modern land surface, or may be submerged under water.

Archaeological field notes and drawings, Moatfield ossuary.
The physical forms that these archaeological sites may take include surface scatters of artifacts; subsurface
strata that are of human origin or that incorporate cultural deposits; the remains of structural features;
or a combination of these attributes.
Protecting these sites has become especially important in southern Ontario, where landscape change has
been occurring at an ever increasing rate since 1950, resulting in extensive losses to the non-renewable
archaeological record.